Electrophoresis process is essential for the successful analysis of biological samples
Electrophoresis |
The electrophoresis is a process that involves the movement of dispersed particles through a liquid under the influence of an electric field. The process can be useful in many applications, including the study of proteins, DNA, RNA, and mRNA.
First, a gel needs to be
prepared. The gel has two electrodes: a positive electrode and a negative one.
The gel is filled with a buffer solution containing salt, which allows it to
conduct electricity. The gel should be just barely covered with buffer
solution. The gel's wells should be facing towards the positive electrode, and
the other end should be facing the negative electrode. The process cycle is
completed when all fragments of DNA have migrated across the gel.
The Global
Electrophoresis Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 2,786.3 Mn in 2021 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.6 % over the forecast period
(2021-2028).
The gel contains a pore-like
material, called an agarose gel. The pore-like material allows particles to
move more or less freely through the gel. The pore size and concentration of
the gel matrix determine the size of the particles and how quickly they move
through the gel. The pH level of the environment is also controlled by adding
liquid buffer.
A gel that contains protein or
nucleic acid molecules will separate them from other molecules. The charged
molecules will migrate more quickly on the side with more current. The opposite
happens if the electrodes are not aligned correctly. If the electrodes are not
aligned correctly, the proteins will migrate into the buffer. If the
electrophoresis is too long, the proteins will migrate into the buffer. This is
called a "smile artifact," where the proteins migrate toward the
middle of the gel, and those at the edges will migrate farther.
Another common use of
electrophoresis is in the clinical laboratory. It is used to separate proteins
and nucleic acids from homogeneous solution. In addition to protein separations,
it can be used for the study of protein antigens. The technique can also be
used for the analysis of large DNA molecules.
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