Human Milk Oligosacchxarides Are a Very Essential and Interesting Constituent of Human-Made Milk
Human
milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a class of sugars found in breast milk. They
are composed of five basic units: the amino sugar GlcNAc, the acid monosaccharide
sialic acid, and three monosaccharides. They can have many different structures
and sequences and are present in varying concentrations. More research is
needed to understand exactly how these sugars work in the body. In regions such
as the United States, the high incidence of birth rate has increased research
and developments related to human milk oligosaccharides. For instance,
according to the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, over 3.8 million
babies are born each year in the United States.
The
Global
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Market was valued at US$ 152.41 Mn in 2021 and is forecast to reach a value of US$ 612.0 Mn by 2030
at a CAGR of 19.65% between 2021 and
2030.
Human
milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition, and the nutritional value of
this milk is attributed to its high content of Human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs). These sugars are not digested by infants, but they have important roles
in the digestive tract. They support the growth of beneficial bacteria and
protect against pathogens. By consuming a diet rich in HMOs, infants receive a
wide range of benefits, including improved immune function and a reduced risk
of disease.
Human
milk oligosaccharides contain bioactive glycans that interact directly with
host cells. HMOs have multiple functions and are highly regulated by genetics.
Two of the most abundant HMOs found in human milk are fucosyllactose and
2'-fucosyllactose. These human milk oligosaccharides are found in the most
concentrated quantities in breast milk and are present in some commercial
infant formulas. Recent advances have revealed that human milk oligosaccharides
may improve gut health in newborns. They also reduce the risk of necrotizing
enterocolitis, a potentially fatal gastrointestinal disease in infants who are
underweight. Clinical studies of HMOs have also shown that they can increase
bifidobacteria in the infant's large intestine.
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