Acetonitrile; a Compound Used As a Solvent in Many Different Industrial Applications
Acetonitrile is a toxic, colorless liquid with an ether-like
odor and a sweet, burnt taste; produced mainly as a byproduct during the
manufacture of acrylonitrile. It is widely used as a solvent in perfume
production, casting & molding of plastic materials, pharmaceuticals, the
purification of butadiene in refineries, extraction of fatty acids from animal
and vegetable oil, and others. Acetonitrile is also known as ethyl nitrile,
cyanomethane, ethanenitrile, acettonitrile cluster, methyl cyanide, and
methanecarbonitrile.
Laboratories commonly use acetonitrile as a solvent for
crystallizing a variety of chemicals. Acetonitrile find many applications in
various end-use industries because of its lower viscosity (methanol forms
highly viscous mixtures with water at certain concentrations), low UV cutoff, and
higher boiling point. It is a highly polar, volatile organic compound used as a
solvent in many different industrial applications. Moreover, acetonitrile is
also used to extract fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils.
Furthermore, it is used as a solvent in high-performance
liquid chromatography. It is also used as a raw material in various industries
for production, as well as for synthesizing new pesticides, medicines, vitamin
B1, and several other products in the pharmaceutical industry. Acetonitrile is
also a common two-carbon building block in organic synthesis of various useful
chemicals, such as thiamine, acetamidine hydrochloride, and α-napthaleneacetic
acid. It is used to make rubber products, perfumes, batteries, and acrylic nail
removers, among others.
Acetonitrile
is regarded as a key solvent in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, there
is an increasing demand for acetonitrile, especially in the pharmaceutical
industry. It is used as a starting material to synthesize vitamin A and B1,
cortisone, carbonate drugs, and some amino acids. INEOS in the U.S., three
producers in mainland China (Jiangsu Sailboat, CNPC Jilin, and Shanghai SECCO),
and Asahi Kasei in Japan are the leading producers of acetonitrile; together,
these producers account for around 39% of global capacity in 2020.
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